Referring to some data from the history of brain research this paper gives an overview to the fundamentals in neuropsychology. A spotlight is centered on the phylogenetical evolution of the human brain so that the interested recipient will be able to get deep into the discussion of how it would be able that the humans become the "kings of the world". This question is deeply bound the very special performance of the human brain which makes the human able to communicate his intentions and expectations like no animal will be able to.